CHARACTERS

Major General Francis de Rottenburg

Replaced Roger Hale Sheaffe as governor of Upper Canada in 1813. De Rottenburg was generally overcautious and very nervous about wasting troops on the Niagara Peninsula. He neglected to send troops to Henry Procter, and when Lake Erie was taken by the Americans, he was ready to withdraw his army all the way to Kingston.

De Rottenburg imposed martial law in the Eastern and Johnstown districts to force farmers to sell supplies to the army.

The arrival of Gordon Drummond allowed de Rottenburg to be moved to Lower Canada where he commanded forces south of the St. Lawrence River at Montreal.

He was Prevost's second in command at the 1814 invasion of Lake Champlain. He had little combat experience and was not held in high regard by Wellington's veterans who served under him.